Systems, Devices, and Methods for Rheological Measurement of Granular Media using 3D Printed Tools

The present disclosure is directed to system, devices, and methods for making rheological measurements of granular media, such as powders, in both the quasistatic and transitional regimes. A rheometer includes a material engage­ment device attached to a rotating device and placed in a cup that contains powder to be analyzed. The material engagement device can include a plurality of inclined blades connected to a central spindle. Each blade can include a top surface having an initial angle of elevation with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle to form a helicoid. The helix angle can be varied from I 0° to 35° and blade count from two to six to assess rheological measurement data.