Printing Ferromagnetic Domains in Programmable Soft Materials to Achieve Untethered Fast Transformation

This invention involves a responsive material with an elastomeric matrix containing ferromagnetic particles, allowing it to change shape from an initial configuration to a predetermined transformed shape when exposed to an external magnetic field. The elastomeric-ferromagnetic composite material is 3D-printed with a predetermined magnetization pattern achieved by applying a magnetic field during printing, and the resulting cured material exhibits rapid and reversible transformations between complex programmed shapes under the influence of external magnetic fields. This innovation addresses the need for shape-programmable soft materials with diverse applications in electronic devices, soft robotics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.