Fluorescent Reporters of Protein/Protein and Peptide/Protein Interactions

The present invention generally relates to environment-sensitive fluorophores, including environment-sensitive fluorophores for reporting protein/protein and peptide/protein interactions. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to compounds and salts thereof, compositions and methods useful in determining biological interactions. In some cases, the compounds of the present invention are environment-sensitive fluorophores that have spectroscopic behavior that may depend on factors such as the physicochemical properties of the surrounding environment. The compounds of the present invention can be used, in certain embodiments, to monitor ions, small molecules, and biological processes such as protein folding, protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation events.