The ubiquitous inductive electric motor has been impossible to miniaturize below approximately a gram in mass, due to inherent inefficiencies from thermal losses.  Achieving motion in a small form factor has remained a technological challenge, often addressed with piezoelectric or thermal actuators working at sub-optimal efficiencies.  Microhydraulic actuator technology provides an efficient and scalable motor technology solution, for motors down to milligrams in mass, and provides much higher torque density for motors at any size scale.