This invention is the first biomarker that is both nanoparticle-specific and cancer type-agnostic and can be used for identifying cancer patients who are well-suited for nanoparticle-based therapy. This nanoparticle-specific biomarker would greatly aid pharmaceutical companies in effectively selecting the right patient cohort for nanoparticle-encapsulated drug treatment during clinical trials. Therapeutic applications of this invention could include precision medicine fields of oncology, immunotherapy, and genome engineering.